Sunday, March 31, 2013

Rematch! It's Kirk vs. Gorn in this 'Star Trek' game teaser

Captain Kirk and his infamous Gorn antagonist from the original series have it out again in this light-hearted ad for the new "Star Trek: The Video Game." Will they never bury the hatchet?

The Gorn are an alien species, reptilian and of great strength, one of which Kirk battled in an excellent demonstration of Starfleet martial superiority. It turns out Gorn aren't so great to have on your team, either, as the reprise of the match-up demonstrates.

While the game footage shown in the commercial looks like something out of the early 2000s, the ad is charming and may convince fans that "Star Trek: The Video Game" at least has its heart in the right place. The game arrives April 23 for Xbox 360 and PS3.

Devin Coldewey is a contributing writer for NBC News Digital. His personal website is coldewey.cc.

Source: http://feeds.nbcnews.com/c/35002/f/653377/s/2a243b63/l/0L0Snbcnews0N0Ctechnology0Cingame0Crematch0Eits0Ekirk0Evs0Egorn0Estar0Etrek0Egame0Eteaser0E1C9142595/story01.htm

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Saturday, March 30, 2013

Lil Twist Hosted RAGER at Justin Bieber's Mansion in Singer's Absence: Report

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2013/03/lil-twist-hosted-rager-at-justin-biebers-mansion-in-singers-abse/

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Here's How David Meerman Scott Writes | Copyblogger

Image of The Writer Files Logo

As publishers of online content, you and I inevitably run into the challenge of making the leap from the blank page, into the hearts and minds of our audience.

Content marketing ? at its core ? is finding the successful integration of great content and time-tested marketing strategies. International bestselling author and marketing strategist, David Meerman Scott, has made it his mission to help you find that sweet spot.

Mr. Scott is the author of eight books published in over 30 languages, the former marketing VP of two publicly traded companies, as well as Asia marketing director of Knight-Ridder.

With his extensive experience at that junction of the new media frontier and the old guard of publishing and PR, he?s found highly effective avenues to helping content creators and businesses connect with their audiences in extraordinary ways.

Let?s explore the file of David Meerman Scott, writer ?

Everything old is new again, online

Copyblogger?s Brian Clark was featured in Mr. Scott?s instant industry classic The New Rules of Marketing & PR (currently in its third edition), a textbook for the digital frontier on leveraging modern marketing to build your business.

Last year David brought us Newsjacking, an ingenious way for online marketers to leverage PR using nothing more than your blog and a Twitter account.

And today he shares his observations on the writing life, strategies for creating epic content, connecting with your audience, using your blog as an idea generator, and the nature of perfection.

About the writer ?

?
Who are you and what do you do?

I?m David Meerman Scott.

Meerman is my middle name which I?ve used professionally since the first time I Googled myself in the 1990s and found that David Scott (Commander of Apollo 15), David Scott (Congressman from Georgia), and David Scott (Ironman Triathlon champion) were too difficult to compete with for SEO.

I?ve written eight books, delivered talks at events in 36 countries on six continents, and serve on the advisory boards of a bunch of very cool companies.

What is your area of expertise as a writer or online publisher?

My first job was on a bond trading desk in the 1980s where I learned how to use real-time online content from media companies like Dow Jones and Reuters.

In the 1990s I was Asia Marketing Director for Knight-Ridder?s online media business and later VP of marketing at NewsEdge where I learned how to create content.

By the 2000s I realized that I had 20 years experience at the intersection of online media and marketing when most people had zero, so I left the corporate world to write and speak about that intersection.

Where can we find your writing?

davidmeermanscott.com

With thanks to my publisher John Wiley & Sons, my book World Wide Rave is now completely free as a PDF (with no registration required) and on Kindle, iPad, Nook, and Kobo ebook readers:

davidmeermanscott.com/free-stuff/free-ebooks/

The writer?s productivity ?

How much time, per day, do you spend reading or doing research?

All day, every day. My best ideas come at odd times, like waiting in line to board a plane.

Before you begin to write, do you have any pre-game rituals or practices?

When I?m not traveling, I wake up at 3:00am, check email and social feeds for a few minutes, then exercise for 90 minutes. After breakfast and a shower I go to my little hideout office in town and do long-form writing for about 3 hours. I eat lunch around 10:30, and after lunch is meetings, phone calls, interviews, and short form content like blog posts. I?m in bed by 8:30.

What?s your best advice for overcoming procrastination?

Don?t think of a book as 60,000 words. Instead think of a book as 120 blog posts of 500 words each.

What time of day is most productive for your writing or content production?

Mornings.

Do you generally adhere to a rigid or flexible writing system?

I use what I call a ?writing ladder? but I?ve never thought of it as a system till now. Maybe it is!

If a tweet resonates (it gets a bunch of RTs and @ replies) then I consider it good blog post fodder. If a blog post resonates, I?ll explore it with a riff in a speech and maybe another blog post or two. If a series of posts on the same topic resonates, that?s my next book.

Marketing Lessons from the Grateful Dead (which I wrote with HubSpot CEO Brian Halligan), Real-Time Marketing & PR, and Newsjacking were all developed this way.

How many hours a day do you spend actually writing (excluding email, social media etc.)?

Including my blog as writing, probably 3 hours a day average.

Do you write every day?

Yes. But the length of time varies significantly.

The writer?s creativity ?

Define creativity.

Seeing patterns that others don?t and effectively communicating them.

Who are your favorite authors, online or off?

In no particular order and with apologies to many people I?ll forget: Ann Handley, C.C. Chapman, Seth Godin, Bob Lefsetz, Brian Halligan, Dharmesh Shah, Brian Clark, Laura Hillenbrand, Tom Wolfe, Michael Collins, Nathaniel Philbrick.

Can you share a best-loved quote?

Here I am at the turn of the millennium and I?m still the last man to have walked on the moon. It says more about what we have not done than about what we have done.
~ Gene Cernan, Commander of Apollo 17

Do you prefer a particular type of music (or silence) when you write?

Silence.

How would you personally like to grow creatively as a writer?

My first book, Eyeball Wars, was a thriller. I?d like to take another shot at fiction.

Do you believe in ?writer?s block?? If so, how do you avoid it?

No writing is perfect. Just write.

Who or what is your ?Muse? at the moment (i.e. specific creative inspirations)?

Musicians like Phil Lesh, Charlie Musselwhite, B.B. King, and Keith Richards, who are still working the stage and making people happy half a century on.

Would you consider yourself someone who likes to ?take risks??

Absolutely.

What makes a writer great?

The ability to connect with an audience.

The writer?s workflow ?

What hardware or typewriter model are you presently using?

Apple 15-inch MacBook Pro 2.6GHz with Retina display (which I love), Apple 27-inch Thunderbolt Display, Apple mouse, and, to complete the package, an ergonomic keyboard made by Microsoft(!).

What software are you using for writing and general workflow?

Microsoft Word, TypePad for my blog, and WordPress for my site.

Do you have any tricks for staying focused?

Fear that someone else will write about the pattern I?m seeing before I write about it.

Have you run into any serious challenges or obstacles to getting words onto the page?

No. Only minor ones.

How do you stay organized (methods, systems, or ?mad science?)?

After nearly 1,000 posts over almost a decade, I use my blog as a catalog of my ideas. It may seem strange, but I search my own blog several times a day.

How do you relax at the end of a hard day?

Put away the MacBook Pro and iPhone and read something printed on paper.

A few questions just for the fun of it ?

Who (or what) has been your greatest teacher?

My liberal arts education.

What?s your biggest aggravation or pet peeve at the moment (writing related or otherwise)?

People who say, ?I?ve always wanted to write a book,? but don?t.

Choose one author, living or dead, that you would like to have dinner with.

Brian Clark, so we can talk both writing and music. It will happen. I hope it is soon.

Do you have a motto, credo or general slogan that you live by?

You are responsible for your own success.

What do you see as your greatest success in life?

When my ideas spark people to be more successful.

If you could take a vacation anywhere in the world tomorrow, where would you go (cost or responsibilities are no object)?

Does the Moon count?

What would you like to do more of in the coming year?

Surfing and scuba diving.

Can you offer any advice to writers and content producers that you might offer yourself, if you could go back in time and ?do it all over??

You can?t convince a publisher to accept your work. But if you show publishers that you already have readers of your work, they?ll come knocking at your door.

Please tell our readers where they can connect with you online.

Google David Meerman Scott and connect with me any way you like ? except the telephone.

Is there anything else you?d like our readers to know?

If you?ve read this far, I want to thank you very much for your interest.

I really appreciate it. You are why I write.

And finally, the writer?s desk ?

Building an audience that builds your brand or business requires some fearlessness.

But fearless exploration of the unknown, whether it be outer space, or the blank page, is the most rewarding part about this whole mysterious process.

Be prepared.

Innovative ideas arrive when you least expect them.

You might be jacked into the Matrix, or wandering aimlessly in the world, completely free of technology.

And writing 1000 words that gets your audience thinking, talking, and sharing, that is the part that requires some old-school ?ass-in-chair? time.

Thank you, Mr. Scott.

Thank you for tuning in to The Writer Files ?

Stay tuned for more inspiring Q&As from writers we admire.

If you?ve already subscribed to Copyblogger via email or RSS, the next installment will be delivered to you just like the rest of our daily content.

If not, go ahead and subscribe right now so you don?t miss a thing.

Now sharpen your pencil and get back to work!

About the Author: Kelton Reid is Director of Marketing for Copyblogger Media's StudioPress division, and an independent screenwriter, and novelist. Get more from Kelton on Twitter and Google+.

Source: http://www.copyblogger.com/writer-files-david-meerman-scott/

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Potential 2016 presidential candidates talk gun control (cbsnews)

Share With Friends: Share on FacebookTweet ThisPost to Google-BuzzSend on GmailPost to Linked-InSubscribe to This Feed | Rss To Twitter | Politics - Top Stories News, RSS Feeds and Widgets via Feedzilla.

Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/295475123?client_source=feed&format=rss

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Risk and reward at the dawn of civilian drone age

(AP) ? The dawn of the age of aerial civilian drones is rich with possibilities for people far from the war zones where they made their devastating mark as a weapon of choice against terrorists.

The unmanned, generally small aircraft can steer water and pesticides to crops with precision, saving farmers money while reducing environmental risk. They can inspect distant bridges, pipelines and power lines, and find hurricane victims stranded on rooftops.

Drones ? some as tiny as a hummingbird ? promise everyday benefits as broad as the sky is wide. But the drone industry and those eager to tap its potential are running headlong into fears the peeping-eye, go-anywhere technology will be misused.

Since January, drone-related legislation has been introduced in more than 30 states, largely in response to privacy concerns. Many of the bills would prevent police from using drones for broad public surveillance or to watch individuals without sufficient grounds to believe they were involved in crimes.

Stephen Ingley, executive director of the Airborne Law Enforcement Association, says resistance to the technology is frustrating. Drones "clearly have so much potential for saving lives, and it's a darn shame we're having to go through this right now," he said.

But privacy advocates say now is the time to debate the proper use of civilian drones and set rules, before they become ubiquitous. Sentiment for curbing domestic drone use has brought the left and right together perhaps more than any other recent issue.

"The thought of government drones buzzing overhead and constantly monitoring the activities of law-abiding citizens runs contrary to the notion of what it means to live in a free society," Sen. Charles Grassley, R-Iowa, said at a recent hearing of the Senate Judiciary Committee.

With military budgets shrinking, drone makers have been counting on the civilian market to spur the industry's growth. Some companies that make drones or supply support equipment and services say the uncertainty has caused them to put U.S. expansion plans on hold, and they are looking overseas for new markets.

"Our lack of success in educating the public about unmanned aircraft is coming back to bite us," said Robert Fitzgerald, CEO of the BOSH Group of Newport News, Va., which provides support services to drone users.

"The U.S. has been at the lead of this technology a long time," he said. "If our government holds back this technology, there's the freedom to move elsewhere ... and all of a sudden these things will be flying everywhere else and competing with us."

Law enforcement is expected to be one of the bigger initial markets for civilian drones. Last month, the FBI used drones to maintain continuous surveillance of a bunker in Alabama where a 5-year-old boy was being held hostage.

In Virginia, the state General Assembly passed a bill that would place a two-year moratorium on the use of drones by state and local law enforcement. The measure is supported by groups as varied as the American Civil Liberties Union on the left and the Virginia Tea Party Patriots Federation on the right.

Gov. Bob McDonnell is proposing amendments that would retain the broad ban on spy drones but allow specific exemptions when lives are in danger, such as for search-and rescue operations. The legislature reconvenes on April 3 to consider the matter.

Seattle abandoned its drone program after community protests in February. The city's police department had purchased two drones through a federal grant without consulting the city council.

In Congress, Rep. Ed Markey, D-Mass., co-chairman of the House's privacy caucus, has introduced a bill that prohibits the Federal Aviation Administration from issuing drone licenses unless the applicant provides a statement explaining who will operate the drone, where it will be flown, what kind of data will be collected, how the data will be used, whether the information will be sold to third parties and the period for which the information will be retained.

Privacy advocates acknowledge the many benign uses of drones. In Mesa County, Colo., for example, an annual landfill survey using manned aircraft cost about $10,000. The county recently performed the same survey using a drone for about $200.

Drones can help police departments find missing people, reconstruct traffic accidents and act as lookouts for SWAT teams. Real estate agents can have them film videos of properties and surrounding neighborhoods, offering clients a better-than-bird's-eye view though one that neighbors may not wish to have shared.

"Any legislation that restricts the use of this kind of capability to serve the public is putting the public at risk," said Steve Gitlin, vice president of AeroVironment, a leading maker of smaller drones.

Yet the virtues of drones can also make them dangerous, privacy advocates say. The low cost and ease of use may encourage police and others to conduct the kind of continuous or intrusive surveillance that might otherwise be impractical.

Drones can be equipped with high-powered cameras and listening devices, and infrared cameras that can see people in the dark.

"High-rise buildings, security fences or even the walls of a building are not barriers to increasingly common drone technology," Amie Stepanovich, director of the Electronic Privacy Information Council's surveillance project, told the Senate panel.

Civilian drone use is limited to government agencies and public universities that have received a few hundred permits from the FAA. A law passed by Congress last year requires the FAA to open U.S. skies to widespread drone flights by 2015, but the agency is behind schedule and it's doubtful it will meet that deadline. Lawmakers and industry officials have complained for years about the FAA's slow progress.

The FAA estimates that within five years of gaining broader access about 7,500 civilian drones will be in use.

Although the Supreme Court has not dealt directly with drones, it has OK'd aerial surveillance without warrants in drug cases in which officers in a plane or helicopter spotted marijuana plants growing on a suspect's property.

But in a case involving the use of ground-based equipment, the court said police generally need a warrant before using a thermal imaging device to detect hot spots in a home that might indicate that marijuana plants are being grown there.

In some states economic concerns have trumped public unease. In Oklahoma, an anti-drone bill was shelved at the request of Republican Gov. Mary Fallin, who was concerned it might hinder growth of the state's drone industry. The North Dakota state Senate killed a drone bill in part because it might impede the state's chances of being selected by the Federal Aviation Administration as one of six national drone test sites, which could generate local jobs.

A bill that would have limited the ability of state and local governments to use drones died in the Washington legislature. The measure was opposed by the Boeing Co., which employs more than 80,000 workers in the state and which has a subsidiary, Insitu, that's a leading military drone manufacturer.

Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky., recently drew attention to the domestic use of drones when he staged a Senate filibuster, demanding to know whether the president has authority to use weaponized drones to kill Americans on American soil. The White House said no, if the person isn't engaged in combat. Industry officials worry that the episode could temporarily set back civilian drone use.

"The opposition has become very loud," said Gitlin of AeroVironment, "but we are confident that over time the benefits of these solutions are going to far outweigh the concerns, and they'll become part of normal life in the future."

___

Associated Press writer Michael Felberbaum in Richmond, Va., contributed to this report.

___

Follow Joan Lowy on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/AP_Joan_Lowy

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2013-03-29-Everyday%20Drones/id-2898ef918ddb4166839776f7d86a1295

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Thursday, March 14, 2013

AP PHOTOS: A new pope is chosen

AAA??Mar. 13, 2013?9:27 PM ET
AP PHOTOS: A new pope is chosen
By The Associated PressBy The Associated Press, By The Associated Press?THE ASSOCIATED PRESS STATEMENT OF NEWS VALUES AND PRINCIPLES?

People react after white smoke billowed from the chimney on the Sistine Chapel indicating that a new pope has been elected in St. Peter's Square at the Vatican, Wednesday, March 13, 2013. Argentine Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, who chose the name of Pope Francis, is the 266th pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti)

People react after white smoke billowed from the chimney on the Sistine Chapel indicating that a new pope has been elected in St. Peter's Square at the Vatican, Wednesday, March 13, 2013. Argentine Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, who chose the name of Pope Francis, is the 266th pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti)

A nun reacts after white smoke billowed from the chimney on the Sistine Chapel indicating that a new pope has been elected in St. Peter's Square at the Vatican, Wednesday, March 13, 2013. Argentine Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio, who chose the name of Pope Francis, is the 266th pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti)

Pope Francis waves to the crowd from the central balcony of St. Peter's Basilica at the Vatican, Wednesday, March 13, 2013. Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio, who chose the name of Francis is the 266th pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church. (AP Photo/Dmitry Lovetsky)

Visitors take photos of Pope Francis as he speaks from the central balcony of St. Peter's Basilica at the Vatican, Wednesday, March 13, 2013. Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio, who chose the name of Francis is the 266th pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church. (AP Photo/Michael Sohn)

Pope Francis speaks from the central balcony of St. Peter's Basilica at the Vatican, Wednesday, March 13, 2013. Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio who chose the name of Francis, is the 266th pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church. (AP Photo/Luca Bruno)

(AP) ? Nuns smile and cheer when they see white smoke billow from the chimney of the Sistine Chapel. Dozens of red-clad cardinals crowd onto a balcony to watch as Pope Francis speaks. The newly elected pope gives a stunned smile as he appears before a hundred-thousand devotees waiting for him in St. Peter's Square. Here are some of the images from the naming of the new pope:

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2013-03-13-Pope-Photo-Gallery/id-156804bc2ebb4614b9b0989b7cff3377

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Wednesday, March 13, 2013

Dot Earth Blog: Can Wind, Water and Sunlight Power New York by 2050?

March 13, 12:43 p.m. | Relevant tweets appended |
A group of scientists and energy analysts has laid out a path under which New York State could, in theory, eliminate its use of fossil fuels and nuclear power ? including for transportation ? by 2050. The graph above charts the contributions played by improved efficiency and adoption of renewable electricity sources as well as hydrogen fuel cells (with the hydrogen generated with renewable energy).

The plan, ?Examining the Feasibility of Converting New York State?s All-Purpose Energy Infrastructure to One Using Wind, Water and Sunlight,??is?slated for publication in the?journal?Energy Policy.

The analysis, predicated on the need to swiftly address global warming, essentially does for New York what two of the authors,?Mark Z. Jacobson?of Stanford University and Mark A. Delucchi of the University of California, Davis, did for the world in?an energy roadmap published in Scientific American in 2009.

The paper argues against any role for natural gas, using arguments developed by two of its authors, Anthony Ingraffea?and Robert Howarth of Cornell University. Here?s one taste of what they?re calling for (from a news release):

According to the researchers? calculations, New York?s 2030 power demand for all sectors (electricity, transportation, heating/cooling, industry) could be met by:

4,020 onshore 5-megawatt wind turbines
12,770 offshore 5-megawatt wind turbines
387 100-megawatt concentrated solar plants
828 50-megawatt photovoltaic power plants
5 million 5-kilowatt residential rooftop photovoltaic systems
500,000 100-kilowatt commercial/government rooftop photovoltaic systems
36 100-megawatt geothermal plants
1,910 0.75-megawatt wave devices
2,600 1-megawatt tidal turbines
7 1,300-megawatt hydroelectric power plants, of which most exist

To me, the analysis works best as a thought experiment, given the monumental hurdles ? economic, political, regulatory and technical ? that would hinder such a shift.

In gauging the costs and benefits of various energy options, the authors include the costs from illness and death linked to pollution from fossil fuels. I?d love it if such indirect costs were integrated better into how decisions on energy policy were made. Therein lies some of the value of this kind of analysis.

But, like any good thought experiment, the paper raises a host of questions, including about its basic assumptions.

- Does New York State need ? for its own sake or the environment?s ? to be an energy island? A lot of economists, and environmental analysts, would say no.

- Does this team?s justification for such an abrupt shift in a state?s energy system and norms match the level of risk posed by human-driven climate change?

That?s a question that will always ? with or without industry lobbying ? get varied answers depending on competing priorities and differing perceptions of risk across society.

If you presume the answer is yes, that leads to specific questions about how to achieve such a transformation on the time scale they propose. (This is very reminiscent of discussions here of California?s ambitious 2050 targets for greenhouse gases.)

I?m engaged in a fruitful e-mail exchange with the authors. Read on for one of my questions, with the answer from Mark Delucchi of Davis (There?s more, but I have to teach and didn?t want to delay in getting the discussion started here).?

My question:

On the energy end, how does your plan propose to get around the realities of built infrastructure today? Who puts up the money to retrofit buildings when, as New York City wrote in its energy plan, ?Energy use in buildings accounts for 75 percent of New York City?s greenhouse gas emissions, and?80 percent of the buildings that will exist in 2050 are already here today.?

Delucchi?s reply:

I think there is nothing to ?get around?. There are several general strategies for dealing with existing infrastructure, broadly defined.

1) Instead of upgrading, maintaining, and replacing deteriorating existing infrastructure, invest in new infrastructure. If we don?t appreciably accelerate retirement, there is no ?extra? (early-retirement) cost to consider.

2) Retrofit and rebuild for maximum efficiency and minimum environmental impact. The correct basis for evaluating this economically is a full social lifetime cost-benefit analysis with a near-zero discount rate. On this basis, I believe that most improvements will be economical.

3) Electrify all sectors as rapidly as possible. In particular, create policies and physical plans that accommodate the electrification of transport. These policies and plans generally will not involve large-scale, rapid replacement of major infrastructure, but rather extensive but decentralized modifications and additions: charging stations; incentives for EV ownership, driving, and parking; mode shifting from heavy trucks to rail; port electrification; transportation and urban planning in support of electric transport, including transit and rail; etc.

4) Rapid expansion of micro WWS [wind, water, sunlight] generation and associated decentralized infrastructure: rooftop solar, micro-wind, V2G, smart grids. These are mainly upgrades and additions to infrastructure, rather than replacement. And again, the correct evaluation basis is full social cost-benefit analysis over the entire physical lifetime, at near-zero discount rate.

As you probably have seen, the Urban Green Council just came out with a report showing how NYC can reduce its carbon footprint 90 percent by 2050. I haven?t read the report carefully, but from what I?ve seen it is reasonable. I have excerpted from the abstract:

?This study focuses primarily on the building sector, the source of 75 percent of New York City?s greenhouse gas emissions. Building simulation modeling using eight basic building types shows that heating and cooling loads can be dramatically reduced through air sealing, heat recovery ventilation, and additional insulation, to a point where all heating, cooling, and hot water can be provided by heat pumps. Analysi?of the city?s building stock shows that the total electric load in 2050, which must?be supplied by carbon-free sources, will be slightly more than today?s electric load. Contributions from rooftop photovoltaic panels will be significant. An initial analysis shows that over the period examined, and on the basis of today?s prices for both fuel and improvements, the savings from energy use reductions will be comparable to the costs of the building improvements. The total amount is affordable and will pay for itself over time if the cost of improvements falls as expected and fuel prices increase.

?In the transportation sector, electrification and expansion of both passenger and freight rail and conversion of on-road vehicles to electric drive, hybrids, and turbo diesels, coupled with the recently enacted CAF? standards, will allow total residual carbon emissions to drop well below 10 percent of today?s levels. Adding electricity generation from biogas derived from waste and sewage treatment provides an additional input of carbon-free power while consuming a potent greenhouse gas.

?Several unused alternatives, such as maintaining the district steam system on waste combustion, are discussed but were not incorporated in the analysis.

?Although not a blueprint or detailed plan for the next 37 years, ?90 by 50? demonstrates that the extreme emission reductions required to minimize climate change are in fact possible using technologies that are known and in almost all cases currently available, and that the cost is within reasonable bounds.?

March 13, 12:43 p.m. |Some relevant tweets |

Source: http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/03/12/can-wind-water-and-sunlight-power-new-york-by-2050/?partner=rss&emc=rss

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Tuesday, March 12, 2013

International court case aided Kenyan candidate

NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) ? The charges Uhuru Kenyatta faces at the International Criminal Court would have crippled a U.S. or European politician.

Instead, the accusations that he orchestrated murder and rape in Kenya's 2007-08 postelection chaos, along with a cold shoulder from the West, may have helped propel Kenyatta to Kenya's presidency.

Kenyatta on Saturday was named the winner of Kenya's presidential election with 50.07 of the March 4 vote, just surpassing the 50-percent level needed to avoid a runoff. Final results showed him more than 800,000 votes ahead of his nearest rival, Prime Minister Raila Odinga.

Odinga is challenging the results, and officials from his party said Monday there's an effort to cover-up cheating that they say handed the election to Kenyatta. The officials said the election commission is ignoring their request to allow them to go through the voter register.

Kenyatta's outright win in a field of eight presidential candidates came despite the ICC charges, and in spite of warnings from the U.S. of "consequences" for the Kenya-U.S. relationship if Kenyatta wins, a sentiment echoed by Britain and some of Europe.

The feeling among many Kenyans is that Kenyatta's win may have come because of those charges and warnings.

"The ICC involvement definitely helped Kenyatta," said Francis Eshitemi, a loan officer in Nairobi who supported Odinga. "Kenyans did not like that. But it is still not a good picture of Kenya that a suspect is going to lead us."

William Ruto, Kenyatta's running mate, faces similar charges for aiding the 2007-08 violence, in which more than 1,000 people were killed in tribal clashes. Back then they supported rival candidates.

Kenyatta's tribe ? the Kikuyus ? and Ruto's tribe ? the Kalenjins ? were locked in battle after the 2007 election. In 2007 Ruto backed Odinga politically, and the ICC later accused Ruto of targeting Kikuyus in the Rift Valley. Kenyatta, who supported fellow then President Mwai Kibaki, a fellow Kikuyu, is accused of supporting criminals that organized revenge attacks against the Kalengin.

The ICC charges appeared to push Kenyatta and Ruto together this election, and their combined tribal voting blocs propelled them to a win. The charges by the court in the Netherlands allowed them to both claim persecution from the outside in an "us vs. the world" struggle.

"Without the ICC Uhuru and Ruto would not be running on the same ticket," said Haron Mburu, a taxi driver in Nairobi. "The ICC boosted Uhuru. Kenyans have always had this sympathy formula. Without the ICC charges I don't think Uhuru would have won."

In early February, President Barack Obama made a video urging Kenyans to reject election violence. He said if the country remained peaceful and continued its progress, Kenya would have a strong friend and partner in the U.S., a statement taken by the Kenyatta-Ruto camp as a positive sign for them despite the ICC charges.

But only two days later, Johnnie Carson, the top U.S. State Department official for Africa, held a news conference in which he repeated multiple times that there would be "consequences" if Kenyatta were to win.

Aly-Khan Satchu, an economist and analyst in Nairobi, said the ICC and statements by Carson and similar ones by EU countries were "the defining narrative of this election."

"It allowed Uhuru and Ruto to consolidate their base, to paint themselves as victims of an external conspiracy," Satchu said. "It allowed them to reach outside their base and plug into a very nationalistic, patriotic mood, asking people, 'Look, is this acceptable?'"

An editorial cartoon in the Daily Nation, Kenya's most respected newspaper, showed Kenyatta and Ruto wearing an ICC ball and chain Monday, but the two were kicking the lead-weight ball up in the air with broad smiles.

Even after the election, Kenyatta's and Ruto's team played up the image of outside powers maneuvering Kenyan politics. Their coalition accused the British high commissioner of "shadowy, suspicious and rather animated involvement" in election decisions, a broadside their base loves but one that further strains Kenyatta's relationship with Britain.

Odinga also suffered from an "O'' conspiracy. Most men from his tribe ? the Luos ? begin their last name with the letter O. Some Kenyans believed he was part of a plan by then-ICC Prosecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo and even Obama to indict Kenyatta and make sure he didn't make it to the presidency.

The ICC on Monday dropped its case against Kenyan politician Francis Muthaura. That decision calls into question the case against Kenyatta, who was charged alongside Muthaura as a "co-perpetrator." But prosecutors say they have more evidence against Kenyatta than they did against Muthaura.

___

Associated Press reporter Mike Corder in The Hague, Netherlands contributed to this report.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/international-court-case-aided-kenyan-candidate-171206490--politics.html

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General says detection deters major cyberattacks

WASHINGTON (AP) ? Foreign leaders are deterred from launching a major electronic attack on vital infrastructure in the United States because they know such a strike could be traced to its source and would generate a robust response, the military's top cyber warrior said during congressional testimony Tuesday.

But Army Gen. Keith Alexander, head of U.S. Cyber Command, told the Senate Armed Services Committee Tuesday the country is not preventing what he called low-level harassment of private and public web sites, property and information by other states. He did not mention any specific countries, even though the Obama administration is escalating its criticism of cyber thefts by China that have become intolerable to the international community.

Offensive cyber weapons are growing and evolving, Alexander said, and it is only a matter of time before tools developed by other nations wind up in the hands of extremist groups or even individuals who could cause serious damage and disruption to U.S. networks.

Alexander urged lawmakers to pass cybersecurity legislation that would that would make it easier for the government and the private sector, which controls critical infrastructure such as the electronic grid, banking systems and water treatment systems, to share information about who is getting hacked and what to do about it.

The general also told the committee that there needs to be a consensus on how the nation protects critical infrastructure and what role the Defense Department would play in blocking and responding to a serious attack if one occurred.

Alexander said the private sector maintains varying degrees of security over its computer systems. The financial industry typically is more secure than companies that operate the electric grid. Still, he said, banks are vulnerable to being disrupted by what are called denial of service attacks, a technique that works by overloading a website with traffic.

Alexander's testimony comes a day after President Barack Obama's national security adviser called for "serious steps" by China to stop cyber theft that has become intolerable to the international community.

The remarks on Monday by Tom Donilon before the Asia Society in New York underscore the growing concern in Washington over the security risks posed by cyber thefts and intrusions and the economic costs to U.S. businesses.

American companies are being more vocal about cyber theft emanating from China "on a very large scale." He said Beijing "should take serious steps to investigate and put a stop to these activities" and recognize the risk to international trade and to U.S.-China relations.

The Obama administration last month announced new efforts, including a new diplomatic push to discourage intellectual property theft abroad, to fight the growing theft of American trade secrets following the release of a report that linked China's military to the electronic theft of corporate trade secrets and U.S. government data.

After analyzing breaches that compromised more than 140 companies, the private security firm Mandiant has concluded that they can be linked to the People's Liberation Army's Unit 61398, a secret Chinese military organization based in Shanghai.

The Chinese government denied being involved in cybertheft, with China's defense minister calling the Mandiant report deeply flawed. China's Foreign Ministry said that country has also been a victim of hacking, much of it traced to the United States.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2013-03-12-Cybersecurity/id-954c41580ffb47ce88c6b0ff5d7d1200

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Strategies for possible survival on Mars: Scientists found differences in core proteins from a microorganism that lives in a salty lake in Antarctica

Mar. 11, 2013 ? Research from the University of Maryland School of Medicine has revealed key features in proteins needed for life to function on Mars and other extreme environments. The researchers, funded by NASA, studied organisms that survive in the extreme environment of Antarctica. They found subtle but significant differences between the core proteins in ordinary organisms and Haloarchaea, organisms that can tolerate severe conditions such as high salinity, desiccation, and extreme temperatures. The research gives scientists a window into how life could possibly adapt to exist on Mars.

The study, published online in the journal PLoS One on March 11, was led by Shiladitya DasSarma, Ph.D., Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and a research scientist at the Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology.

Researchers found that Haloarchaeal microbes contain proteins that are acidic, with their surface covered with negatively charged residues. Most ordinary organisms contain proteins that are neutral on average. The negative charges found in the unusual organisms keep proteins in solution and help to hold on tightly to water, reversing the effects of high salinity and desiccation.

In the current study, the scientists identified additional subtle changes in the proteins of one Haloarchaeal species named Halorubrum lacusprofundi. These microbes were isolated from Deep Lake, a very salty lake in Antarctica. The changes found in proteins from these organisms allow them to work in both cold and salty conditions, when temperatures may be well below the freezing point of pure water. Water stays in the liquid state under these conditions much like snow and ice melt on roads that have been salted in winter.

"In such cold temperatures, the packing of atoms in proteins must be loosened slightly, allowing them to be more flexible and functional when ordinary proteins would be locked into inactive conformations" says Dr. DasSarma. "The surface of these proteins also have modifications that loosen the binding of the surrounding water molecules."

"These kinds of adaptations are likely to allow microorganisms like Halorubrum lacusprofundi to survive not only in Antarctica, but elsewhere in the universe," says Dr. DasSarma. "For example, there have been recent reports of seasonal flows down the steep sides of craters on Mars suggesting the presence of underground brine pools. Whether microorganisms actually exist in such environments is not yet known, but expeditions like NASA's Curiosity rover are currently looking for signs of life on Mars."

"Dr. DasSarma and his colleagues are unraveling the basic building blocks of life," says E. Albert Reece, M.D., Ph.D., M.B.A., Vice President for Medical Affairs at the University of Maryland and John Z. and Akiko K. Bowers Distinguished Professor and Dean of the University of Maryland School of Medicine. "Their research into the fundamentals of microbiology are enhancing our understanding of life throughout the universe, and I look forward to seeing further groundbreaking discoveries from their laboratory."

Dr. DasSarma and his colleagues are conducting further studies of individual proteins from Halorubrum lacusprofundi, funded by NASA. The adaptations of these proteins could be used to engineer and develop novel enzymes and catalysts. For example, the researchers are examining one model protein, ?-galactosidase, that can break down polymerized substances, such as milk sugars, and with the help of other enzymes, even larger polymers. This work may have practical uses such as improving methods for breaking down biological polymers and producing useful materials (see Karan et al. BMC Biotechnology).

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Maryland Medical Center, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal References:

  1. Ram Karan, Melinda D Capes, Priya DasSarma, Shiladitya DasSarma. Cloning, overexpression, purification, and characterization of a polyextremophilic ?-galactosidase from the Antarctic haloarchaeon Halorubrum lacusprofundi. BMC Biotechnology, 2013; 13 (1): 3 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-3
  2. Shiladitya DasSarma, Melinda D. Capes, Ram Karan, Priya DasSarma. Amino Acid Substitutions in Cold-Adapted Proteins from Halorubrum lacusprofundi, an Extremely Halophilic Microbe from Antarctica. PLoS ONE, 2013; 8 (3): e58587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058587

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_technology/~3/vUiB4r8qXHY/130311173913.htm

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Monday, March 11, 2013

Study predicts lag in summer rains over parts of US and Mexico

Mar. 11, 2013 ? A delay in the summer monsoon rains that fall over the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico is expected in the coming decades according to a new study in the Journal of Geophysical Research. The North American monsoon delivers as much as 70 percent of the region's annual rainfall, watering crops and rangelands for an estimated 20 million people.

"We hope this information can be used with other studies to build realistic expectations for water resource availability in the future," said study lead author, Benjamin Cook, a climate scientist with joint appointments at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies.

Much of the arid U.S. Southwest is expected to get even drier as winter precipitation declines under climate change, but the present modeling study predicts that summer rain levels will stay constant over southern Arizona and New Mexico, and northwestern Mexico. What will shift is the arrival of the heaviest rains, from July and August or so, to September and October, the study says. "There still will be a healthy monsoon which is good news for agriculture in the southern U.S. and northwestern Mexico-the timing is the problem here," said study co-author Richard Seager, a climate scientist at Lamont-Doherty.

A delayed monsoon could potentially lower crop yields as rains come later in the growing season, when the days are getting shorter. By prolonging hot and dry conditions during spring, a late monsoon could also trigger more wildfires and force cities to stretch diminished water supplies. The study makes use of the latest climate change models (those used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in its Fifth Assessment Report due out next fall), to estimate monthly changes in precipitation by the end of the century, 2080-2099. The researchers hypothesize that future warming will make it more difficult to form clouds and rainfall early in the monsoon when soils are dry, followed reduced winter rain and snowfall, thus delaying the onset of the monsoon rains until enough moisture can be moved in from the oceans.

There is some evidence that the monsoon may already be arriving later. A 2007 study in the Journal of Climate led by researcher Katrina Grantz, then at the University of Colorado found a decline in July rainfall since the late 1940s, and a corresponding increase in August to September rainfall. Other scientists are cautious about drawing conclusions from a relatively short instrumental record, given the monsoon's natural year-to-year variability. The second-latest monsoon onset was recorded in 2005, but for three years after, the monsoon came earlier than average or on schedule, said Chris Castro, a monsoon researcher at the University of Arizona who was not involved in the study.

The Sonoran Desert and Sky Islands ecoregion lies at the northern edge of the North American monsoon, where vegetation ranges from saguaro-studded subtropical desert in the lowlands to high-altitude boreal forests. It is unclear how plants finely attuned to the monsoon's arrival will cope with the longer wait. "Will their growth slowdown or will some species grow dormant?" said Jeremy Weiss, a geosciences researcher at the University of Arizona who was not involved in the study.

A delay is bound to have economic impact, whether in northwestern Mexico or Arizona where agriculture and rangelands respectively are mostly rain-fed. The late monsoon in 2005 hindered summer grass development to the point that U.S. ranchers had to buy supplemental feed for their cattle, Andrea Ray, a researcher at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, noted in a 2007 study in the Journal of Climate.

Though total monsoon rainfall is projected to stay the same, warmer summer temperatures under climate change will cause more evaporation, leaving less water for crops, reservoirs and ecosystems. "It is important to look at the big picture before getting too sanguine about monsoon rainfall staying steady," said Jonathan Overpeck, a climate scientist at the University of Arizona who was not involved in the study. "Farmers who rely on summer rain will have a trickier time as the rainfall timing and amounts changes-they like predictability. Ultimately, the jury is still out, but this is a fine study that gives us more information to plan with."

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by The Earth Institute at Columbia University.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. B. I. Cook, R. Seager. The response of the North American Monsoon to increased greenhouse gas forcing. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 27 FEB 2013 DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50111

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_environment/~3/zsbB7RNIwOM/130311173909.htm

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AP PHOTOS: Iditarod, 'The Last Great Race'

AAA??Mar. 11, 2013?10:03 AM ET
AP PHOTOS: Iditarod, 'The Last Great Race'
By The Associated Press?THE ASSOCIATED PRESS STATEMENT OF NEWS VALUES AND PRINCIPLES?By The Associated Press

Musher Mitch Seavey arrives at the Unalakleet, Alaska, checkpoint Sunday, March 10, 2013, during the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race. (AP Photo/The Anchorage Daily News, Bill Roth) LOCAL TV OUT (KTUU-TV, KTVA-TV) LOCAL PRINT OUT (THE ANCHORAGE PRESS, THE ALASKA DISPATCH)

Musher Mitch Seavey arrives at the Unalakleet, Alaska, checkpoint Sunday, March 10, 2013, during the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race. (AP Photo/The Anchorage Daily News, Bill Roth) LOCAL TV OUT (KTUU-TV, KTVA-TV) LOCAL PRINT OUT (THE ANCHORAGE PRESS, THE ALASKA DISPATCH)

Musher Mitch Seavey arrives at the Unalakleet, Alaska, checkpoint Sunday, March 10, 2013, during the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race. (AP Photo/The Anchorage Daily News, Bill Roth) LOCAL TV OUT (KTUU-TV, KTVA-TV) LOCAL PRINT OUT (THE ANCHORAGE PRESS, THE ALASKA DISPATCH)

Musher Mitch Seavey tends to his dogs after arriving at the Unalakleet, Alaska, checkpoint Sunday, March 10, 2013, during the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race. (AP Photo/The Anchorage Daily News, Bill Roth) LOCAL TV OUT (KTUU-TV, KTVA-TV) LOCAL PRINT OUT (THE ANCHORAGE PRESS, THE ALASKA DISPATCH)

Ray Redington, Jr., gives his dogs straw to bed down in Unalakleet on Sunday, March 10, 2013, during the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race. (AP Photo/Anchorage Daily News, Bill Roth)

A sled dog in the team of Norwegian musher Joar Leifseth Ulsom removes snow and ice on a bootie after arriving in Unalakleet on Sunday, March 10, 2013, during the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race. (AP Photo/Anchorage Daily News, Bill Roth)

The world's most famous sled dog race, the Iditarod, is entering the final stretch. The race consists of a grueling 1,000-mile trek through unpredictable wilderness to the old gold rush town of Nome on Alaska's western coast. Whoever reaches Nome first wins a new truck and a cash prize of $50,400. The rest of the $600,000 purse will be split between the next 29 mushers to cross the finish line. The iconic race, however, seems to be about more than a monetary prize for most involved: a competition of human versus wild.

Here's a collection of the latest photos from the "Last Great Race."

___

Follow AP photographers on Twitter: http://apne.ws/XEJ4O2

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2013-03-11-Iditarod-Photo%20Gallery/id-ae9a300693b94d258f23c1553854cf8e

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Study finds fat and bone mass are genetically linked

Study finds fat and bone mass are genetically linked [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 11-Mar-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: George Hunka
ghunka@aftau.org
212-742-9070
American Friends of Tel Aviv University

Obesity and osteoporosis should not be treated separately, Tel Aviv University researcher counsels

When it comes to body shape, diet and exercise can only take us so far. Our body shape and geometry are largely determined by genetic factors. Genetics also have an impact on our body composition including soft fat tissue and hard bone tissue and can lead to excess fat or osteoporosis.

Now Prof. Gregory Livshits of Tel Aviv University's Department of Anatomy and Anthropology at the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, working alongside Dr. Michael Korostishevsky, has uncovered a clear genetic link between fat and bone mass. These factors, which contribute to bone metabolism, also affect Body Mass Index (BMI), which often serves as an indicator of overall health.

Reported in the journal Bone, this finding is a step towards understanding how these tissues are inter-related on a biological level, and will help doctors develop better treatment plans for patients dealing with fat or bone related pathologies. "When a patient is prescribed a medication, it is always important to know the potential side effects," says Prof. Livshits. As a result of this genetic connection, "a medication that is prescribed to treat obesity might have a negative impact on skeletal health," he says.

Connections forged in fat and bone

Previous studies revealed that osteocalcin, a protein produced by bone cells, has an impact not only on bone but also on fat tissue metabolism. The protein's function is associated with bone formation and bone mineralization. But recent data suggest that osteocalcin is also involved in the regulation of glucose and fat metabolism and that osteocalcin levels are lower in obese and overweight individuals. Prof. Livshits and Dr. Korostishevsky set out to determine the underlying mechanism of this osteocalcin link whether it was purely environmental or had a genetic basis.

The researchers conducted their study on a European population called the Chuvasha descendants of Bulgarian tribes that have lived along the Volga River for more than a thousand years. As a relatively isolated and ethnically homogeneous population, they are highly appropriate for the study of genetic effects. 1,112 participants over the age of 20 hailing from a total of 230 families were tested for variants in the osteocalcin gene. Genetic information was analyzed in connection with measurements that reflect body mass, including BMI, thickness of skin folds, reflecting the amount of fat beneath the skin and others.

"We discovered a statistically significant association between osteocalcin gene variants and measures of body mass, suggesting the involvement of this gene in body mass regulation," says Prof. Livshits. To check the reliability of their findings, they asked researchers at Tulane University in Louisiana to test the same association between genetic variants of the osteocalcin gene and body mass measurements in an extensive sample of 2,244 Americans of European background. The results revealed a very similar pattern.

Balancing treatment

Because the connection between fat and bone mass has been shown to be genetic rather than environmental, related issues can't be addressed separately, Prof. Livshits says. Bisphosphonates, for example, are effective agents for the treatment of bone mineral density loss and are therefore commonly used to treat osteoporosis. However, it is also important to know how this therapy impacts fat tissue. "After a few years of treatment that improves the bones, we don't want to discover that we have harmed the fat tissue in the process," he adds.

In parallel studies, the researchers are also investigating the FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) gene, which has been shown to impact fat and lean body mass and is suspected to impact bone mineral density too. Their future research will explore the extent to which osteocalcin, FTO, and several other genes impact muscle mass in addition to fat and bone mass. It is important to understand the extent to which these genes contribute to interdependence of all major body composition components, says Prof. Livshits.

###

American Friends of Tel Aviv University (http://www.aftau.org) supports Israel's leading, most comprehensive and most sought-after center of higher learning. Independently ranked 94th among the world's top universities for the impact of its research, TAU's innovations and discoveries are cited more often by the global scientific community than all but 10 other universities.

Internationally recognized for the scope and groundbreaking nature of its research and scholarship, Tel Aviv University consistently produces work with profound implications for the future.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Study finds fat and bone mass are genetically linked [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 11-Mar-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: George Hunka
ghunka@aftau.org
212-742-9070
American Friends of Tel Aviv University

Obesity and osteoporosis should not be treated separately, Tel Aviv University researcher counsels

When it comes to body shape, diet and exercise can only take us so far. Our body shape and geometry are largely determined by genetic factors. Genetics also have an impact on our body composition including soft fat tissue and hard bone tissue and can lead to excess fat or osteoporosis.

Now Prof. Gregory Livshits of Tel Aviv University's Department of Anatomy and Anthropology at the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, working alongside Dr. Michael Korostishevsky, has uncovered a clear genetic link between fat and bone mass. These factors, which contribute to bone metabolism, also affect Body Mass Index (BMI), which often serves as an indicator of overall health.

Reported in the journal Bone, this finding is a step towards understanding how these tissues are inter-related on a biological level, and will help doctors develop better treatment plans for patients dealing with fat or bone related pathologies. "When a patient is prescribed a medication, it is always important to know the potential side effects," says Prof. Livshits. As a result of this genetic connection, "a medication that is prescribed to treat obesity might have a negative impact on skeletal health," he says.

Connections forged in fat and bone

Previous studies revealed that osteocalcin, a protein produced by bone cells, has an impact not only on bone but also on fat tissue metabolism. The protein's function is associated with bone formation and bone mineralization. But recent data suggest that osteocalcin is also involved in the regulation of glucose and fat metabolism and that osteocalcin levels are lower in obese and overweight individuals. Prof. Livshits and Dr. Korostishevsky set out to determine the underlying mechanism of this osteocalcin link whether it was purely environmental or had a genetic basis.

The researchers conducted their study on a European population called the Chuvasha descendants of Bulgarian tribes that have lived along the Volga River for more than a thousand years. As a relatively isolated and ethnically homogeneous population, they are highly appropriate for the study of genetic effects. 1,112 participants over the age of 20 hailing from a total of 230 families were tested for variants in the osteocalcin gene. Genetic information was analyzed in connection with measurements that reflect body mass, including BMI, thickness of skin folds, reflecting the amount of fat beneath the skin and others.

"We discovered a statistically significant association between osteocalcin gene variants and measures of body mass, suggesting the involvement of this gene in body mass regulation," says Prof. Livshits. To check the reliability of their findings, they asked researchers at Tulane University in Louisiana to test the same association between genetic variants of the osteocalcin gene and body mass measurements in an extensive sample of 2,244 Americans of European background. The results revealed a very similar pattern.

Balancing treatment

Because the connection between fat and bone mass has been shown to be genetic rather than environmental, related issues can't be addressed separately, Prof. Livshits says. Bisphosphonates, for example, are effective agents for the treatment of bone mineral density loss and are therefore commonly used to treat osteoporosis. However, it is also important to know how this therapy impacts fat tissue. "After a few years of treatment that improves the bones, we don't want to discover that we have harmed the fat tissue in the process," he adds.

In parallel studies, the researchers are also investigating the FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) gene, which has been shown to impact fat and lean body mass and is suspected to impact bone mineral density too. Their future research will explore the extent to which osteocalcin, FTO, and several other genes impact muscle mass in addition to fat and bone mass. It is important to understand the extent to which these genes contribute to interdependence of all major body composition components, says Prof. Livshits.

###

American Friends of Tel Aviv University (http://www.aftau.org) supports Israel's leading, most comprehensive and most sought-after center of higher learning. Independently ranked 94th among the world's top universities for the impact of its research, TAU's innovations and discoveries are cited more often by the global scientific community than all but 10 other universities.

Internationally recognized for the scope and groundbreaking nature of its research and scholarship, Tel Aviv University consistently produces work with profound implications for the future.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-03/afot-sff031113.php

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Sierra Leone charges 29 with defrauding Gates Fund

FREETOWN, Sierra Leone (AP) ? The head of Sierra Leone's Anti-Corruption Commission says that 29 government health officials will appear in court on corruption charges for having allegedly defrauded the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation's vaccine program.

Joseph Fitzgerald Kamara told The Associated Press that the government's Chief Medical Officer, Dr. Kisito Sheku Daoh, six other medical doctors and 22 health officials are charged with defrauding the Gates Foundation's Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization Fund of $523,000. He said all those charged are out on bail and scheduled to appear in court on March 18.

The Gates Foundation's immunization fund has suspended payments of $6 million to Sierra Leone over the allegations of misuse of funds.

The immunization fund has disbursed more than $27 million to Sierra Leone since 2001.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/bbd825583c8542898e6fa7d440b9febc/Article_2013-03-10-Sierra%20Leone-Gates%20Fund/id-23dd0541be3a46f0bfb82c81eb36b7c4

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